Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 09:44:25 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: "Barbara E. Cohen" Subject: Fax vs. email ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- As far as I can see from my limited experience, the main difference at this point between fax and email is the kind os client that has each. Academics seem to have access to email for transmitting information and commerical clients (publishers, typesetters, graphic designers) seem to have acquired fax machines, but not all of them have email. Maybe this is starting to level out more as both become more widely available at lower cost, but for the free-lance indexer, both are required depending on the client at the moment. Barbara E. Cohen (becohen@well.sf.ca.us) ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 09:44:56 ECT Reply-To: ab190@freenet.carleton.ca Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: "Richard W. Woodley" Subject: RESEARCH NEEDS IN INDEXING ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- I apologize for sending this information late but it just came to my attention. The Indexing and Abstracting Society of Canada is holding a one day seminar on New Trends In Indexing which features "a series of short presentations on research projects". The seminar is this Friday April 30 and the deadline for registration was April 20. The seminar is being held at John Abbot College in Ste-Anne-de Bellevue, Quebec. The contact person is Christine Jacobs -- (514) 487-9204 (unfortunately i do not have an e-mail address). Perhaps printed information will be available for those interested in indexing research. Regards, -- ********* Richard W. Woodley (ab190@freenet.carleton.ca) ********** * Indexer-Analyst, House of Commons Index & Reference Service * * Secretary, Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line Committee * ************* "Communicate Globally - Act Locally" **************** ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 09:46:35 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Carol Roberts Subject: Re: Bridge Burning ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- >----------------------------Original message---------------------------- >Congratulations...more power to you! > >Will we still see you on the internet? Does your institution give >"guest access"? (Some do, you know--get friendly with a librarian or a >computer services person) > >I'll miss your postings--but looking forward to seeing you at ASI > >Our press director just got back from an ACLS meeting in >Williamsburg...he was impressed with all the flowers there...I hope >Alexandria is in full bloom when we arrive. > >Carol, let us hear from you often. > >Paula Presley > >Assoc. Editor, The Thomas Jefferson University Press >Copy Editor, The Sixteenth Century Journal > >Northeast Missouri State University >McClain Hall 111L >Kirksville, MO 63501 >(816) 785-4525 FAX (816) 785-4181 >Bitnet: AD15@NEMOMUS Internet: AD15%NEMOMUS@Academic.NEMOState.EDU Thanks, Paula. Yes, you'll still hear from me. My husband is a grad student here, so we're planning to buy a modem, and I will use his (free) e-mail account. If we ever don't have free access, I'll just have to buy into a commercial service. I find the Internet too valuable a resource to go without. See you in Alexandria! Carol ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 09:51:13 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Charlotte Skuster Subject: Fax vs. e-mail I use e-mail regularly to receive papers for publication, in *.TEX or other ASCII format. It would be possible (though I've never done it) to transmit a completed index as an ASCII file in this way, instead of sending in a disk. If you were receiving material for indexing by e-mail, the pagination (or other positioning) would have to be indicated somehow. OK, it's possible to transmit/receive Postscript files, but then what? Print them all out on your own printer? Work on screen from the PS files? Traditional hard copy does have its advantages sometimes. Kathleen M. Lyle Technical Editor, Applied Probability Trust, Hicks Building, The University, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK Phone +742 824269 Fax +742 729782 ====================================================================== ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 09:55:06 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Charlotte Skuster Subject: Standards draft 3.1 (part 3) 8.2. Index display in print media. Procedures for displaying indexes in print media are well-established, while appropriate means for visual displays in electronic media are still very much in the development stage. The following sections relate primarily to indexes in print media, but some of the principles discussed are also applicable to visual arrays in electronic media. 8.2.1. Arrangement of entries. Options for arranging index entries in visual arrays vary with respect to underlying structure and criteria. Structured arrays (as opposed to alphanumeric arrays) can be helpful in breaking up large sequences into smaller, useful segments. Groupings can be created on the basis of relations among concepts or the meaning or type of concept represented. But structured arrangements can be detrimental to searching when the basis for their arrangement is hidden from and therefore unknown by users. For most index displays, direct and straightforward arrangement on the basis of commonly accepted ordering of alphanumeric characters is preferred, since most users cannot be expected to know less obvious principles for arrangement. When structured, relational, or classified arrays are used, they should be accompanied by alternative alphanumeric displays. 8.2.1.1. Alphanumeric displays. Alphanumeric displays are based on the commonly accepted filing values of alphabetic letters and numerals. However, there is a number of options on how alphanumeric filing should actually be implemented. Some of these options, with recommendations, are considered in 9. Alphanumeric order. 8.2.1.2. Classified or relational displays. In classified or relational displays, entries are arranged on the basis of relations among concepts represented by headings. Examples include superordination and subordination, class inclusion, chronology, and various types of roles and associations (for example, discipline, action, object or agent of action, material, method, tools, and property). To the extent possible, the basis of arrangement should be made clear by summaries or outlines displayed at the head of the index. In almost all cases, a classified display should be accompanied by an alphabetic or alphanumeric index, unless the classified array is very short and can be quickly scanned. 8.2.2. Recurring elements. Indention should be used to avoid the repetition of recurring terms in subsequent headings: labor distribution theory earnings monopolistic markets oligopolistic markets perfect competition rather than labor : distribution theory labor : earnings labor : monopolistic markets labor : oligopolistic markets labor : perfect competition 8.2.3. Vertical spacing. At least one blank line should separate major sections of the index, such as sections beginning with different letters in alphabetical indexes. In alphanumeric indexes, a blank line should also separate the non-alphabetical headings (for example, headings beginning with numerals) from the alphabetical sequence. 8.2.4. Entry layout. Entry layout will depend on a variety of factors, such as type of syntax used, length of entries, medium of display, and space available (see 5.12. Syntax; 7.3. Syntax in displayed indexes). When sub- and sub-subheadings are used, they may be presented in an indented (also called "set-out", "line-by-line" or "entry-a-line") layout, a "run-on" (also called "paragraph style" or "run-in") layout, or a hybrid of the two styles. Indented subheadings are preferable to run-on subheadings because users can scan them more quickly and can therefore understand them more easily. However, where economy dictates space-saving measures, run-on subheadings are preferable to shortening the index. In all layout styles, all items on the same level of subdivision should be indented by the same amount (in the indented layout) or delineated by the same punctuation mark, such as a semi-colon (in the run-on layout). In the run-on layout, when there are no locators between headings at two different levels, the two levels should be separated by a colon. (See "origins of tragedy" in the hybrid example below.) 8.2.4.1. Indented layout. In the indented layout, each subheading and sub-subheading begins on a new line, progressively indented: Aristotle debt to Plato 23, 26 literary criticism in 35, 74, 89-93, 101-197 on Aeschylus 101-104, 279 on Aristophanes 195 on Euripides 104-126, 187, 265-266 on Homer 103, 190-194, 206 on Sophocles 127-183, 275-277, 306, 309-310 @@Antigone@@ 155 @@Oedipus Tyrannus@@ 140-149 origins of tragedy in epic 196 in revelry 197 In the indented layout, a turnover line must be indented more deeply than the indention of a subheading in the same entry. For example: periodicals author indexes 276-277 defined 272 number of volumes and parts 224 [turnover line] titles 152, 224, 331 abbreviations 225-226, 389 8.2.4.2. Run-on layout. The run-on layout should be limited to two levels of heading (for example, main heading and subheading). If three or more levels are used, the indented layout of subheadings under the main heading should be retained, with the run-on layout being used only for sub-subheadings and further levels of subdivision, as in the hybrid example below. Run-on layout (limited to 2 levels): Aristotle 20-22l; debt to Plato 23, 26; literary criticism in 35, 74, 89-93, 101-197; origins of tragedy 196, 197 8.2.4.3. Hybrid indented/run-on layout. When more than two levels of heading are used (for example, main heading, subheading, sub-subheading), the run-on layout may be combined with the indented layout -- the indented layout being used for main and subheadings; the run-on layout being used for sub-subheadings: Aristotle debt to Plato 23, 26 literary criticism in 35, 74, 89-93, 101-197; on Aeschylus 101-104, 279; on Aristophanes 195; on Euripides 104-126, 187, 265-266; on Homer 103, 190-194, 206; on Sophocles 127-183, 275-277, 306, 309-310 origins of tragedy: in epic 196; in revelry 197 In the run-on and hybrid layouts, whenever a line "turns over" to the next line, all lines after the first line should be indented more deeply than the deepest subheading indention employed in the index. (See "literary criticism" in the hybrid example above.) 8.2.5. Running headlines. Pages on which an index is printed should bear a running headline. In the case of multiple indexes, there should be running headlines on each page bearing an appropriate title for each index. In the case of separately issued indexes, the words "Index to [title of work]" should be used. The running headline should be centered on each page, to differentiate it from the scope headlines that appear at the left and right margins of a two-page spread. 8.2.6. Scope headlines. Scope headlines should be used to indicate the scope of entries on a two-page spread, reproducing all or part of the first and last heading. Scope headlines are positioned at the left margin on a verso or left-hand page and at the right margin on a recto or right-hand page. 8.2.7. Continuation lines. In setting an index into pages or columns, some entries will be continued from the bottom of one column or page to the top of the next column or page. The continuation of very short parts of entries or of sequences of entries from one column or page to the next should be avoided. Examples are one or two locators at the end of an entry or the final line of an alphanumeric section of the index. Similarly, the initial line of an entry that begins a new alphanumeric sequence should not fall at the bottom of a column or page. When an index entry runs on to a new column or page, the index heading and any subheading and sub-subheading applicable to the run-on entries should be repeated, followed by "(continued)" or the abbreviation "(cont.)". On bottom of column or page: thesauri adaptation 182 construction 353, 364 software 387 On top of next column or page: thesauri (cont.) construction (cont.) standards 374 defined 381 8.2.8. Typography. Typography should contribute to clarity and easy legibility. Size of letters and width of columns should be in proportion to each other. One line should be able to accommodate an index entry of average length, including at least two or more locators. When an index entry occupies more than one line, consecutive locators should never be divided: periodicals titles 152, 224, 331 abbreviations 225-226 not: periodicals titles 152, 224, 331 abbreviations 225- 226 Different typefaces (for example, bold, italics, or small capitals) may be used to distinguish entries for different types of documents, such as illustrations or titles of works. When an index consists of few main headings and many subheadings, the presentation of main headings in a typeface or style different from subheadings may be useful. Such conventions, when adopted, should be explained in an introductory note. Too much variety, however, may confuse the user. 8.2.9. Columns. A printed index is normally displayed in two columns per page. In large-size documents, it may be set in three or four columns. Indexes in which entries are long (for example an index of first lines or a table of cases in legal works) are better set to full page width. On a page of normal width (5-1/2 -- 6 inches), it is not recommended to use three columns because this may result in many turnover lines in subheadings, making the index more difficult to scan, while not saving space. In a long index, where groups of headings beginning with a new initial letter occupy more than 4 pages, each letter group should begin on a new column or on a new page. If more than one index is provided for the same document or collection of documents and separate indexes occupy more than two pages, each index should begin at the top of a page or column. The title of each index, shortened if necessary, should be repeated at the top of each page as the running headline. 8.3. Index display in electronic media. When electronic indexes provide options for the display of index entries for scanning and browsing, or for the display of retrieved records for review, options for the fullness of entries or records and for the ordering of arrays should be clearly described. In the display of retrieved records or references, users should have options for the fullness of display ranging from brief (for example, title and author only) to full (for example, title, author, full citation, abstract). Users should also have options for the arrangement of retrieved items (for example, ranked according to potential relevance, classified by facets or a classification scheme, or ordered alphanumerically by index terms or headings or by citation elements such as authors, titles, publishers, or dates). The design of effective electronic displays is the topic of much research and experimentation. Combinations of pictorial, tabular, graphic, animated and verbal elements may be useful. Standards for this area cannot yet be established. Since the viewing area (screen) in electronic media is usually small and constrained and the level of visual resolution is limited as compared to print media, it is usually helpful to display entries in stages for scanning and browsing. For example, when entries consist of main headings and subheadings, the initial display may be limited to main headings. When a main heading is selected, for example, by highlighting, then the subheadings linked to that main heading can be displayed. When a subheading is selected, sub- subheadings, locators, document citations, or document surrogates can be displayed. In the following example, selected (highlighted) headings are printed in @@@boldface@@@: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * First display: Unit trusts Unitarian Universalist churches Unitarianism Unitarians unitary groups unitary operators unitary symmetry unitary transformations United Aircraft of Canada Strike, 1974-1975 United American Freewill Baptists United Brethren united churches United Empire loyalists United Fruit Company Strike, 1934 United Nations United Presbyterian Church of North America @@@United States@@@ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Second display: United States air defenses Air National Guard antiquities appropriations and expenditures archives armed forces bibliography biography census church history civil defense climate commerce description and travel diplomatic and consular service economic conditions economic policy emigration and immigration . . . @@@history@@@ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Third display: United States history colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 French and Indian War, 1755-1763 revolution, 1775-1783 Confederation, 1783-1789 constitutional period, 1789-1809 1809-1817 War of 1812 War with Mexico, 1845-1848 1849-1877 @@@Civil War, 1861-1865@@@ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Fourth display: United States history Civil War, 1861-1865 addresses, essays Afro-Americans anecdotes art battlefields @@@bibliography@@@ biography blockades campaigns causes chaplains charities children chronology desertions draft resistance * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Fifth display: United States history Civil War, 1861-1865 Ref# Author Title Date 1 Coulter, Ellis Merton, 1890- Travels in the Confederate States :> 1981 2 Donald, David Herbert, 1920- The Nation in crisis, 1861-1877. 1969 3 Harwell, Richard Barksdale. In tall cotton : the 200 most impor> 1978 4 Kelly, James, 1829-1907. The American catalogue of books (or> 1967 5 Mullins, Michael, 1943- The Union bookshelf : a selected Ci> 1982 @@@6 Murdock, Eugene Converse. The Civil War in the north : a sele> 1987@ @@ 7 Nevins, Allan, 1890-1971. Civil War books : a critical biblio> 1967 8 Nevins, Allan, 1890-1971. Civil War books, a critical bibliog> 1970 9 Parrish, T. Michael, Confederate imprints : a bibliograp> 198 10 Schweitzer, George Keene, 1924- Civil War genealogy : a basic resea> 1982 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Sixth display (brief entry selected): AUTHOR Murdock, Eugene Converse. TITLE The Civil War in the north : a selective annotated bibliography PUBLISHER New York : Garland Pub., 1987. 7th display (full entry selected): AUTHOR Murdock, Eugene Converse. TITLE The Civil War in the north : a selective annotated bibliography / Eugene C. Murdock. PUBLISHER New York : Garland Pub., 1987. DESCRIP xx, 764 p. ; 23 cm. SERIES Wars of the United States ; v. 9 * Garland reference library of social science ; vol. 254 * Garland reference library of social science ; v. 254. NOTES Includes indexes. SUBJECTS United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Bibliography. LC CARD 86019582 ISBN 0824089413 (alk. paper) : RLIN ID G88-B4584 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 8.4. Electronic manuscripts. When indexes designed for print publication are transmitted via electronic media, typographic coding should conform to ANSI/NISO Z39.59 -- 1988, @@American National Standard for Electronic Manuscript Preparation and Markup@@. 9. Alphanumeric displays. 9.1. Standards There is no ANSI/NISO standard for alphabetical or alphanumeric arrangement. Two de facto standards widely used in libraries and databases in the United States are the American Library Association (ALA) and the Library of Congress (LC) filing rules. The filing rules of @@The Chicago Manual of Style@@ (13th ed., University of Chicago Press) are used as a de facto standard by many publishers. This standard recommends that for English language indexes, alphanumeric order be as simple and straightforward as possible, based only on characters that have widely accepted and widely known filing order: the 26 letters of the English alphabet, the 10 Arabic numerals, and the space. Exceptions, such as special filing rules for punctuation or special rules based on the nature of a heading or the entity represented by the heading, are usually not widely understood and may cause confusion. 9.2. Basic order. The basic order of characters is: a. spaces, punctuation marks, and symbols other than letters and numerals: All characters in this group have equal filing value and file before any numeral or alphabetic letter. All are treated as if they were a space. Multiple consecutive spaces and their equivalents are to be considered equal to a single space. b. numerals (0 through 9): Numbers are filed in ascending numerical order. (See also 9.8. Numerals.) Roman numerals are filed with their Arabic counterparts (not by their constituent letters). For example, 'XIX' files before or after '19', depending on the characters (numerals, letters or spaces) following the numbers. c. alphabetic letters (A through Z): Lower-case and upper-case letters have equal filing value. Modified letters are treated like their basic equivalents in the English alphabet. If non-alphanumeric symbols are prominently featured and must be filed, a filing system for them must be devised and explained, because no standards exist for the filing of non-alphanumeric symbols. Optionally, the ampersand (&) may be filed as its spelled-out language equivalent. 9.3. Initial articles. Initial articles that form an integral part of place name and personal name headings (for example, nicknames, sobriquets, and phrases characterizing persons ) should be considered part of the heading for filing purposes: El Paso Los Angeles The Dalles Cross-references should link forms filed under the part following the initial article: Angeles, Los @@see@@ Los Angeles Dalles, The @@see@@ The Dalles Paso, El @@see@@ El Paso Initial articles in the nominative case are ignored at the beginning of titles, place names, and topical subject terms: The Movement (English poetry) [subject term] @@The Nutcracker@@ (ballet) poetry songs @@Les Temps@@ @@Der Zauberberg@@ 9.4. Subheadings Subheadings are normally arranged in the same way as headings. However, the arrangement of subheadings may be modified by chronological or some other systematic arrangement if such an arrangement is considered helpful to users and can be clearly understood by them: Music history and criticism to 400 A.D. medieval, 400-1500 20th century It is usually better to use numerical headings for chronological topics: Music history and criticism to 400 A.D. 400-1500 1901-2000 9.5. Headings with the same initial term. Headings beginning with the same term should be arranged in the following sequence: a. term alone, with or without subheadings. b. term with qualifier or a term as the first element of a longer term. These should be interfiled according to the filing value of the characters following the initial term: songs bibliography history and criticism texts songs, American @@see@@ American songs @@Songs and poems@@ [title] songs, Cajun @@see@@ Cajun songs songs (high voice) with piano songs (low voice) songs (medium voice) with guitar songs, Zionist @@see@@ Zionist songs songwriters @@see@@ composers; lyricists 9.6. Cross-references A cross-reference introduced by "see" or "see also" or analogous linking terms is not part of a heading and does not affect the position of the heading in an alphabetical sequence. For example: songwriters @@see@@ composers; lyricists @@Songwriters and composers on Broadway@@ [title] 9.7. Word-by-word versus letter-by-letter arrangement. Index headings consisting of more than one word should be filed by the word-by- word method in which a space files before a letter. This order will cause headings beginning with the same word to file together: New, Agnes New Brunswick new journalism new moon New, Thomas New York Newark Newfoundland news @@see@@ network news news agencies news (journalism) news-letters @@see@@ newsletters [new!] news photography newsletters newspapers An alternative arrangement, letter-by-letter, disregards the space and symbols that have the same filing value as a space. This arrangement may be required for the continuation of an existing index, but is not recommended. There are several different methods of letter-by-letter filing, resulting in quite different arrangements of headings. Letter-by-letter filing also complicates the apparent order by separating headings that begin with the same word: New, Agnes Newark New Brunswick new journalism new moon news @@see@@ network news news agencies news (journalism) news-letters @@see@@ newsletters [new!] newsletters newspapers news photography New, Thomas New York 9.8. Numerals. Headings beginning with numerals should be interfiled, arranged in ascending numerical order, and placed before the alphabetical sequence: 3/4 for 3 1:00 a.m. 1.3 acres 2 1/2 minute talk treasury 3 and 30 watchbirds $6.41 per hen per year 007. James Bond: a report 10% review XX century cyclopedia and atlas 20 miles down the road 21-8-1968: anno humanitatis 49th parallel 1001 nights 1066 and all that 1984 Optionally, in indexes where few headings begin with numerals, they may be arranged as if spelled out in words. Where numerals occur within headings or subheadings, they should be filed numerically: Club 18-30 Club 21 Club 147 fashions Club one holidays Numerals as prefixes or infixes in names of chemical compounds in bio-medical and chemical texts may be disregarded, unless needed to distinguish homographs: 3-ethyl-4-picoline 4-ethyl-@@alpha@@-picoline 9.9. Comprehensive example. The following file is designed to illustrate all of the filing situations described in the previous sections: 3/4 for 3 1:00 a.m. 1.3 acres 2 1/2 minute talk treasury 3 and 30 watchbirds $6.41 per hen per year 007. James Bond: a report 10% review XX century cyclopedia and atlas 20 miles down the road 21-8-1968: anno humanitatis 49th parallel 1001 nights 1066 and all that 1984 American songs Angeles, Los @@see@@ Los Angeles Cajun songs Charles Charles I, King of England Charles II, Emperor of Germany Charles II, King of France Charles III, King of England @@Charles III, King of England@@ [title] @@Charles@@ (airplane) Charles, (AL). Police Department. Charles, Allen [surname entry] @@Charles and the wise men@@ [title] Charles, Duke of York Charles, Prince of Wales Charles, Saint Charles, (VA). Municipal Court. Charles, Virginia [surname entry] @@Charles@@ (yacht) Club 18-30 Club 21 Club 147 fashions The Club (London) Club one holidays clubs composers Dalles, The @@see@@ The Dalles Dalles (The) Public Library @@see@@ The Dalles Public Library El Paso El Paso. Police Department The Extended Simulation Support System @@see@@ TESS (computer system) libraries The Library Association (United Kingdom) Los Angeles lyricists The Movement (English poetry) Music Africa biography cataloging dictionaries history and criticism to 400 A.D. 400-1500 1901-2000 methods outlines, syllabi, etc. Peru United States @@Music about the house@@ [title] Music, African Music and architecture Music, Baroque Music (MS). Park Department Music, Roman Music, Valerie [surname entry] New, Agnes New Brunswick new journalism new moon New, Thomas New York Newark Newfoundland news @@see@@ network news news agencies news (journalism) news-letters @@see@@ newsletters [new!] news photography newsletters newspapers @@The Nutcracker@@ (ballet) Paso, El @@see@@ El Paso poetry songs bibliography history and criticism texts songs, American @@see@@ American songs songs and poems [title] songs, Cajun @@see@@ Cajun songs songs (high voice) with piano songs (low voice) songs (medium voice) with guitar songs, Zionist @@see@@ Zionist songs songwriters @@see@@ composers; lyricists @@Songwriters and composers on Broadway@@ [title] @@Les Temps@@ TESS (computer system) The Dalles Public Library @@Der Zauberberg@@ Zionist songs Glossary This glossary provides definitions for terms as they are used in the context of this standard. Within definitions, terms that have their own definitions, either in the glossary or in section 2 (Definitions) of the standard, are spelled in capital letters. Defined terms are listed in alphabetical order in the singular noun form; however, within other definitions, corresponding terms may appear as plural nouns, adjectives, or other forms. [Note 1: When we are through with this draft, all-cap headings can be changed to italics to conform with NISO style.] [Note 2: Also, I expect that we will add definitions from section 2 to the glossary so that it is complete. -- JDA] array. A displayed FILE of TERMS, HEADINGS or ENTRIES. articulated entry. An ENTRY whose MAIN HEADING is modified by a subordinated SUBHEADING. The subheading may in turn be modified by one or more SUB- SUBHEADINGS. articulated index. An INDEX containing ARTICULATED ENTRIES. [Hans notes: It seems to me that the use of these terms (articulated entry and articulated index) will clarify the salient difference between displayed and non-displayed indexes. I believe the term "articulated", in the sense here defined, was first used by Keen in J. Doc. 33 (1977):15-45; Lancaster, in Indexing & Abstracting, p. 48-51, seems to limit it to string indexes, but I believe that the idea of two parts of an entry being linked at a joint (one of the two basic meanings of "articulated") expresses neatly the nature of a heading/subheading entry. The fact that "articulated" also means "succinctly expressed" does not hurt either.] assignment indexing. An INDEXING method by which TERMS, DESCRIPTORS or SUBJECT HEADINGS are selected by a human or computer to represent the TOPICS or FEATURES of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT. Assigned terms may or may not occur in the document. @@See also@@ derivative indexing. [Thesaurus standard says "from a controlled vocabulary", but this is too restrictive. Terms may be assigned and then checked later against a thesaurus. The controlling factor here is "assignment" as opposed to "extraction", not whether the terms assigned, or initially assigned, are "controlled". -- JDA] associative relationship. A non-hierarchical relationship among TERMS that are conceptually or semantically linked, for example, "cooking" and "food". authority file. A set of records of established DESCRIPTORS or HEADINGS and the CROSS-REFERENCES to be made to and from them, often citing the authority for the preferred form or variants. Types of authority files include name authority files, subject authority files, and THESAURI. @@See also@@ descriptor in section 2. Definitions. Boolean operators. The logical operators "and", "or", and "not", which can be used to combine TERMS for searching in post-coordinate INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS. @@See also@@ post-coordination. [Note: when all-cap headings are changed to italics, change "and", "or", and "not" to AND, OR, and NOT.] bound term. @@See@@ compound term. broader term. A DESCRIPTOR to which another descriptor or multiple descriptors are subordinate in a HIERARCHY. chain indexing. The creation of ARTICULATED ENTRIES that consist of "chains" of TERMS extracted from a CLASSIFICATION scheme, arranged in an inverse CITATION ORDER of FACETS to that of the classification scheme itself. citation order. The order in which FACETS are arranged (cited) in a classified ARRAY; also the order in which TERMS from facets are placed in an ARTICULATED ENTRY. class. A set whose members share an attribute, characteristic, property, quality or trait. classification. The operation of grouping CONCEPTS or ENTITIES into classes and establishing relations among them. Headings representing classes are usually arranged in ARRAYS that illustrate relations among CLASSES, creating a classified INDEX, as opposed to an alphanumeric index. closed-end index. An index that is compiled only once. @@See also@@ monographic index; open-end index. compound term. A TERM consisting of more than one word for a CONCEPT; also a multi-word term representing multiple concepts that are so often considered together that representing them with separate terms would be unwieldy and may result in FALSE DROPS, for example, "compass rose", "first aid", "trade winds". concept. A unit of thought, formed by mentally combining some or all of the characteristics of a concrete or abstract, real or imaginary object, attribute, material, process, operation, event, place, or time. Concepts exist in the mind as abstract entities independent of TERMS used to express them. [The thesaurus def. has only "object," to which I have added "attribute, material, process, operation, event, place, or time (a la Ranganathan and his disciples). For me, object is much too narrow, especially when the first definition in my regular dictionary is: "a thing that can be seen or touched; material thing." The 5th definition is "in philosophy, anything that can be known or perceived by the mind." Is beauty an object? Running? Paris? the Victorian era????? -- JDA] controlled vocabulary. A subset of the lexicon of a NATURAL LANGUAGE. A list of TERMS that may be used for INDEXING, produced by the operation of VOCABULARY CONTROL. Controlled vocabularies are usually recorded in SUBJECT HEADING lists or THESAURI. cross-reference. @@See@@ 2.12. [Our definition, in 2.12, differs from the thesaurus def., which would apply only to displayed indexes. -- JDA]. depth of indexing. The result of the combined effects of EXHAUSTIVITY and SPECIFICITY in an INDEX. derivative indexing. An INDEXING method by which words occurring in the title or TEXT of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT are extracted by a human or computer to serve as indexing TERMS. Also called extractive indexing. @@See also@@ assignment indexing. descriptor. @@See@@ 2.8. difference. @@See@@ modifier. displayed index. @@See@@ 2.5. document. @@See@@ 2.1. document-oriented indexing. @@See@@ entity-oriented indexing. documentary unit. @@See@@ 2.2. entity. Something that has an existence, real or imaginary, concrete or abstract; a thing. entity-oriented indexing. INDEXING based entirely or primarily on the TOPICS and FEATURES of DOCUMENTARY UNITS rather than on the anticipated needs and requests of users. Also called document-oriented indexing. @@See also@@ request-oriented indexing. entry. @@See@@ 2.10. entry term. The first term in an entry, to which direct access is provided. @@See also@@ lead-in term; lead term. [Hans (and Raya Fidel) reject equating "entry term" to "lead-in term". I have accepted this, but then it makes no sense to me to add "If an entry term is not a PREFERRED TERM, a CROSS-REFERENCE must lead to a preferred term that is used in its place." This sentence relates only to its "old" broader meaning of "lead-in term", encompassing both used (preferred) and unused terms. -- JDA] entry vocabulary. All TERMS by which access may be gained to the INDEX, including both those which lead to DOCUMENTARY UNITS and those from which CROSS-REFERENCES lead to other terms that are used in their place. equivalent term. A SYNONYMOUS term, or a TERM which is equivalent to, or used for, another term in the context of an INDEX. exhaustivity. The average number of TERMS assigned to a DOCUMENTARY UNIT in a particular INDEX or retrieval system. An heading or entry in a DISPLAYED INDEX frequently consists of multiple terms. extractive indexing. @@See@@ derivative indexing. facet. A subclass resulting from the application of a single characteristic to a CLASS. Facets represent the fundamental or most important aspects of a TOPIC. In literature, for example, facets may represent languages, nationality, genre, period, theme, writer, etc. Facets form one of the bases of CLASSIFICATION schemes; their CITATION ORDER is the order in which the facets are arranged. faceted indexing. The assignment of terms to FACET categories and the ordering of terms within index HEADINGS in accordance with a CITATION ORDER of facets. false drop. An irrelevant reference retrieved when TERMS are POST-COORDINATED, for example, "library" and "school" will retrieve both "library school" and "school library". feature. An aspect of a DOCUMENT other than CONCEPTS or TOPICS. Features include such aspects as authorship, style, methodology, quality, usefulness, level of complexity, language, format, publication date, etc. file. 1. A collection of data. 2. In INDEXING, a sequence of 2 or more ENTRIES or records. @@See also@@ array. filing. The arrangement of ENTRIES in an INDEX in alphabetical or numerical order. Also called sorting. focus. In a COMPOUND TERM, the noun component that identifies the class of CONCEPTS to which the TERM as a whole refers. @@See also@@ modifier. free text term. A NATURAL LANGUAGE TERM appearing in DOCUMENTS or their descriptions that may be used in searching. @@See also@@ keyword. generic posting. The assignment of a generic term instead of a specific TERM, for example, using "furniture" to index a DOCUMENTARY UNIT on sofas. @@See also@@ up-posting. heading. One or more TERMS representing a TOPIC or FEATURE of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT. When "heading" is used without modification in this standard it may refer to a main heading, or to a main heading in combination with a subheading and/or sub-subheading. @@See also 2.9. main heading; 2.8. descriptor; and in this glossary: articulated entry; subheading; sub-subheading. hierarchy. A system of terms ranked by inclusiveness, so that the meaning of any lower term is always included in the meaning of the next higher term. Hierarchical ARRAYS display NARROWER TERMS under BROADER TERMS. homograph. TERMS that have the same spelling, but different meanings, such as race (anthropology), race (sports). Homographs must be distinguished by QUALIFIERS. identifier. A proper name (or its abbreviation) of a person, institution, place, object, operation or process, optionally treated as a type of TERM distinct from DESCRIPTOR. Identifiers may be held in a separate FILE, such as an AUTHORITY FILE, and their form may be controlled (for example, the name of an international organization having different names in various languages, only one of which is selected as an authorized term or descriptor). index. @@See@@ 2.3. indexing. @@See@@ 2.4. indexing language. In a broad sense, any vocabulary used for INDEXING and the rules for its application. In a narrower sense, a CONTROLLED VOCABULARY or CLASSIFICATION system and the rules for its application. An indexing language is used for the representation of TOPICS and FEATURES of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT and for the retrieval of DOCUMENTARY UNITS from an INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM. [I don't see how we can limit "indexing language" to a Controlled language, as does the thesaurus definition. Also, for consistency sake, I have thrown in "features" and changes "concepts" to our "topics". -- JDA] information. Refers both to an ENTITY (for example, a MESSAGE recorded in a TEXT and represented in a DOCUMENT) and to the process of informing or becoming informed. What constitutes an informative message and successful information (as process) is subjective. Preferably, terms like "message", "text", or "document" should be used when referring to potentially informative entities. information storage and retrieval system. A set of operations and the associated equipment, procedures, algorithms, and documentation by which DOCUMENTARY UNITS are indexed and the resulting records are stored and displayed, so that selected records (and/or the documentary units they represent) can be retrieved. keyword. A word occurring in the NATURAL LANGUAGE of a DOCUMENT or its description that is considered significant for INDEXING and retrieval. Any word not on a stop list contained in a verbal segment of a document or assigned to a documentary unit, such as, title, abstract, SUBJECT HEADINGS. Used as LEAD TERMS in keyword indexes such as KWIC (KEYWORD-IN-CONTEXT), KWOC (KEYWORD- OUT-OF-CONTEXT), and KWAC (KEYWORD-ALONGSIDE-CONTEXT) indexes. KWAC (Key Word Alongside Context) index. An INDEX in which each significant word in a string of TEXT serves as LEAD TERM or access point, followed by the portion of the string that follows the word, then by the portion of the string that precedes the word. KWIC (Key Word In Context) index. An INDEX in which each significant word in a string of TEXT serves as LEAD TERM or access point, by being graphically emphasized and surrounded by the rest of the string. The lead terms or access points are arranged in a column in the middle of the ENTRIES rather than at the left. KWOC (Key Word Out of Context) index. An INDEX in which each significant word in a string of TEXT serves as LEAD TERM or access point, followed by the complete string. Multi-word terms which include the lead term are not preserved, since the lead term is always followed by the first word of the string. lead-in term. A TERM to which direct access is provided in an INDEX. If a lead-in term is not an ENTRY TERM, a CROSS-REFERENCE must lead to an entry term that is used in its place. @@See also@@ entry vocabulary. lead term. The first TERM in a HEADING. Distinguished from "lead-in term." @@See also@@ entry term. literary warrant. Justification for the representation of a CONCEPT in an INDEXING LANGUAGE or for the selection of a PREFERRED TERM because of its frequent occurrence in DOCUMENTS. locator. @@See@@ 2.11. main heading. @@See@@ 2.9. medium. The physical ENTITY on or in which a MESSAGE is recorded. A medium and a message recorded in or on it constitute a DOCUMENT. message. CONCEPTS conveyed by the TEXT of a DOCUMENT. modifier. In a COMPOUND TERM, one or more components that serve to narrow the extension of a FOCUS and specify one of its subclasses. Also known as 'difference.' @@See also@@ subheading. monographic index. An INDEX compiled for a single DOCUMENT. @@See also@@ closed-end index; serial index. narrower term. A TERM that is subordinate to another term in a HIERARCHY. natural language. A language used by human beings for verbal communication. Words extracted from natural language TEXTS for INDEXING purposes are often called KEYWORDS. near-synonym. @@See@@ quasi-synonym. non-displayed index. @@See@@ 2.6. nonpreferred term. One of two or more SYNONYMS, lexical variants or EQUIVALENT TERMS that serves as a LEAD-IN TERM. A nonpreferred term must be linked to a preferred term (DESCRIPTOR) or HEADING by means of a CROSS-REFERENCE or other link. open-end index. An INDEX compiled at set intervals or continuously updated. @@See also@@ serial index; closed-end index. permuted index. The representation of TERMS in HEADINGS in every possible combination or permutation. @@See also@@ rotated index. post-coordination. The combination of TERMS at the time of a search for a compound CONCEPT, for example, "cataloging" + "periodicals" for the concept "cataloging of periodicals". @@See also@@ pre-coordination. postings. The number of DOCUMENTARY UNITS to which a TERM or HEADING is assigned. pre-coordination. The formulation of a multi-term HEADING or an ARTICULATED ENTRY to express a compound CONCEPT in a DISPLAYED INDEX, for example, "cataloging of periodicals" or "cataloging -- periodicals." Pre-coordination differs from the establishment of COMPOUND TERMS as DESCRIPTORS, for example, "birth control" (a compound term) vs. "birth control -- education -- United States" (pre-coordinated terms). preferred term. @@See@@ 2.8 descriptor. probabilistic indexing. The use of weights either through computer algorithm or human estimation to indicate the estimated probability that a TERM will lead to the retrieval of a relevant DOCUMENTARY UNIT. It may be implemented by: 1. The assignment of weights to TERMS to reflect their relative importance in the representation of a search request. 2. The assignment of weights to documentary units to reflect the probability that a documentary unit described by a particular term will be considered useful. The use of weighted terms permits the ranking of retrieved documentary units on the basis of expected usefulness. proximity operator. A search operator which specifies that two or more search TERMS must be within the stated proximity (for example, contiguous, not separated by more than 2 or more words, within the same sentence or paragraph or record, etc.). qualifier. A word or phrase added to a TERM used to distinguish among HOMOGRAPHS or to clarify the meaning of a term, for example, "races (anthropology)", "races (sports)". A qualifier is considered to be part of a term or heading; all qualifiers except dates and epithets (for example, king, saint) should be put in parentheses. @@See also@@ modifier. quasi-synonym. A TERM whose meaning is not exactly SYNONYMOUS with that of another term, yet which may nevertheless be treated as its equivalent in a particular INDEX. @@See also@@ equivalent term. realia. Objects, natural or made by humans, used as DOCUMENTS, for example, animals in a zoo; tools in a museum. record. The description or representation of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT in an electronically stored INDEX. related term. A TERM that is semantically but not HIERARCHICALLY linked to another term by means of a CROSS-REFERENCE, for example, cooking @@see also@@ food. relationship indicator. A word, phrase, abbreviation or symbol identifying a semantic relationship between TERMS. @@See also@@ role indicator. request-oriented indexing. INDEXING which is based primarily on analysis of potential requests or searches and only secondarily on the TOPICS or FEATURES of DOCUMENTARY UNITS. @@See also@@ entity-oriented indexing. role. A type of action by which the TOPIC represented by a TERM operates on a topic represented by another term in an index ENTRY, for example, application, comparison, influence, operation, process. A role does not indicate either a HIERARCHICAL or an ASSOCIATIVE RELATIONSHIP. role indicator. A word, phrase, abbreviation or symbol identifying the ROLE of a TOPIC represented by a TERM. @@See also@@ relationship indicator. Romanization. The conversion of a non-Roman script by means of TRANSCRIPTION or TRANSLITERATION or a combination of the two methods. rotated index. The rotation of TERMS assigned to a DOCUMENTARY UNIT so that each one, in turn, becomes a LEAD TERM and all others constitute a SUBHEADING; non-lead terms may be listed in alphanumeric order or their original order may be maintained, as in a KWAC INDEX. @@See also@@ permuted index. scope headline. A headline placed at the top left of a verso or left-hand page and the top right of a recto or right-page to indicate the scope of entries on a two-page spread in a printed index. scope note. An explanation, definition, or clarification of a TERM. A scope note is not part of a term. @@See also@@ qualifier. "see also" reference. A link between two or more TERMS or HEADINGS, for the purpose of suggesting additional BROADER, NARROWER, or other RELATED TERMS or headings. "see" reference. A link between an unused or NONPREFERRED TERM or HEADING and the SYNONYMOUS or equivalent DESCRIPTOR or heading to be used in its place; in non-displayed INDEXES, synonymous and EQUIVALENT TERMS may be linked so that all may be included in a search, rather than designating one of the linked terms as a "preferred" term and the others as "unused terms." serial index. An index compiled for a serial (newspaper, periodical, yearbook, etc.). @@See also@@ open-end index; monographic index. sorting. @@See@@ filing. specificity. The closeness of fit between an indexing TERM and the TOPIC or FEATURE represented in a DOCUMENTARY UNIT to which it refers. "Specific" does not mean "narrow." A specific term may be broad or narrow depending on the topic or feature to which it refers and its relationship to BROADER or NARROWER TERMS. stop list. A list of words considered to be of no value for retrieval. It consists primarily of function words -- articles, conjunctions, and prepositions -- but may also include words that occur very frequently in a domain. string indexing. The creation of ARTICULATED ENTRIES, or "strings" of TERMS, from individual index terms by computer algorithm. Index terms may be coded, sometimes by FACET or ROLE. A string indexing algorithm puts each important term in the lead position (as MAIN HEADING) and arranges other terms as SUBHEADINGS. sub-subheading. A modifying HEADING subordinated to a SUBHEADING in an ARTICULATED ENTRY. subheading. A modifying HEADING subordinated to a MAIN HEADING in an ARTICULATED ENTRY. @@See also@@ pre-coordination. subject. @@See@@ concept; entity; feature; topic. subject heading. A TERM or combination of terms used to indicate the summarized overall TOPIC of a DOCUMENTARY UNIT. PRE-COORDINATION of terms representing multiple and related TOPICS or FEATURES is a characteristic of subject headings that distinguishes them from DESCRIPTORS, which tend to represent individual CONCEPTS or features. Subject headings are generally used in displayed indexes and library catalogs, whereas descriptors are designed for POST-COORDINATION in non-displayed indexes in electronic INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS. subject heading list. An alphabetical list of SUBJECT HEADINGS with CROSS- REFERENCES from NONPREFERRED TERMS or HEADINGS and links to RELATED TERMS and HEADINGS. These lists often include separate sequences of standardized SUBHEADINGS that may be combined with all or only some subject headings. Rules for applying subheadings usually accompany such lists. [I have added "and headings" because we make an important distinction between terms and headings. One option is to use just headings, since we are talking about subject headings here! -- JDA] synonym. A TERM having a different form, but exactly or very nearly the same meaning as another term. syntax. The combination of TERMS to form HEADINGS and SUBHEADINGS in ARTICULATED INDEX ENTRIES or to form search statements for NON-DISPLAYED INDEXES; also, the rules for such combination. term. @@See@@ 2.7. text. Any organized and meaningful pattern of symbols. A text may be verbal (a representation of speech by a writing system); visual, as in the visual arts; musical, as represented in musical notation; performance, as represented in choreography notation; aural, as in sound recordings; etc. Many disciplines, such as chemistry and mathematics, have special symbols to represent texts. A text is manifested in a DOCUMENT. @@See also@@ message. thesaurus (pl. thesauri). A collection of vocabulary with links among SYNONYMOUS, EQUIVALENT, BROADER, NARROWER, and other RELATED TERMS. From the Greek for treasure. An indexing thesaurus is a CONTROLLED VOCABULARY in which equivalence, hierarchical, and associative relationships among TERMS are clearly displayed and identified by standardized RELATIONSHIP INDICATORS, which must be employed reciprocally. Its purposes are to promote consistency in the INDEXING of DOCUMENTS, predominantly for POST-COORDINATED INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS, and to facilitate searching by linking LEAD-IN TERMS with DESCRIPTORS. A search thesaurus displays vocabulary and its relationships for the purpose of facilitating the retrieval of documents in FREE TEXT searching or from multiple databases in which different controlled vocabularies are used. topic. An ENTITY, attribute, material, process, operation, event, place or time period treated in a DOCUMENT. @@See also@@ concept; feature. transcription. The process of recording the phonological and/or morphological elements of a language in terms of a particular writing system. transliteration. The process of recording the graphic symbols of one writing system in terms of corresponding graphic symbols of another writing system. uncontrolled vocabulary. TERMS derived by extraction or selection of significant words or phrases, usually from full text, titles, or abstracts. May also refer to search terms freely chosen by a searcher. @@See also@@ free text; keyword; term. unit of analysis. @@See@@ 2.2. documentary unit. up-posting. The automatic assignment of BROADER TERMS in addition to the specific TERM by which a DOCUMENTARY UNIT is indexed. @@See also@@ generic posting. used-for term. @@See@@ equivalent term. vector. A weighted INDEX or search TERM. Weights may be assigned by computer algorithm based on term frequency or distribution in DOCUMENTARY UNITS or by human estimation of importance. Vector searching permits the ranking of retrieved documents based on the expectation of usefulness. visual index. @@See@@ 2.5. displayed index. vocabulary control. The process of organizing a list of TERMS: (1) to indicate which of two or more EQUIVALENT TERMS are authorized for use; and (2) to indicate HIERARCHICAL and ASSOCIATIVE RELATIONSHIPS among terms in the context of a THESAURUS or SUBJECT HEADING LIST. @@See also@@ vocabulary tracking and management. vocabulary tracking and management. The process of tracking, mapping, organizing and displaying a vocabulary to facilitate INDEXING and/or searching. The results are often displayed in a "search" or "end-user" THESAURUS and/or integrated with the display of an INDEX. Vocabulary tracking and management is similar to VOCABULARY CONTROL, except that instead of limiting or controlling the use of vocabulary, it describes and displays vocabulary that has been or may be used. Index [Hans has tentatively volunteered to compile our index when the standard is "locked" in place, if that ever comes about! Thanks, Hans! Hans, index entries will refer to item numbers, not page numbers, right?!] ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:45:17 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Carol Roberts Subject: Re: Fax vs. email ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- >----------------------------Original message---------------------------- > >As far as I can see from my limited experience, the main difference at this >point between fax and email is the kind os client that has each. Academics >seem to have access to email for transmitting information and commerical >clients (publishers, typesetters, graphic designers) seem to have acquired >fax machines, but not all of them have email. Maybe this is starting to >level out more as both become more widely available at lower cost, but for >the free-lance indexer, both are required depending on the client at the >moment. > >Barbara E. Cohen >(becohen@well.sf.ca.us) So would a fax modem at my end work for a publisher who has a fax machine but no e-mail? -- Carol Roberts Publications Services Cornell University cjr2@cornell.edu 607 255-9454 Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty. ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:45:40 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: "R.S. Etheredge" Subject: Re: Fax Machines ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Howdee, You said, "I thought a plain old modem does all that. Where does the fax come in?" A plain old modem will allow for data transcription across phone lines between computers. However, in order to print these data transcriptions, one must use some form of print facility, like a word processor or DOS print, to print the data transcription. If one has a fax modem, and one configures this tool correctly to comply with the local computer to which this fax modem is attached, then one can print directly off the transcription connection to the printer. A fax machine does just this, however the print quality from a fax machine is deplorable. The print quality from a fax modem is limited only by the print quality of the printer attached to the local computer. The other benefit to a fax modem is the reduction in the amount of hardware cluttering up an office. Fax modems are cheap, they come with their own software, and they have completely obviated the need for a fax machine. Have a happy day... Rusty Etheredge rse8135@dewie.tamu.edu ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:46:16 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: robert hadden Subject: Re: Bridge Burning ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Congratulations, and good luck! We'll see you in the future under: Bridges, burned (sa: Ponta Pyrotechnica) lee hadden ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:46:37 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Paula Presley Subject: Fax Machines or e-mail/ftp In-Reply-To: In reply to your message of WED 28 APR 1993 15:47:42 CST ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Because I'm in an academic setting, I use e-mail (for domestic and foreign correspondence) rather than fax. Only occasionally do I need to resort to fax (to proof an ad or other display type, etc.). I'm fortunate because I can ftp from the same terminal on which I do everything else (except index--that's on my DOS machine). Our computer folks are terrific--they hooked my Mac Quadra 700 to the mainframe in a jiffy, gave me "fetch" and let me go! What a bunch of stuff is available! One of our students spent the whole day investigating things that would be valuable to the university press...are are just "out there" Again, I'm fortunate because I can use the internet via modem from my ancient IBM at home... but I wish everybody in the USA had "free" accessto the Internet. (Does anybody out there know how I can correspond with my son at the air force base in Rapid City, Dakota? He's in MAC intellegence, I think--he just got transferred there from Hawaii (he wanted an change of climate!!) Anyhow, I'm a champion of e-mail....less paper (if you don't want to download everything). The historian in me (MA) wants to save every scrap of paper and, yea, create even more; thankfully, the librarian in me (MLS) says "weed, weed, weed!" It's a struggle, but I've learned to not save lots of things from the network just because ftp makes it so easy. Paula Presley Assoc. Editor, The Thomas Jefferson University Press Copy Editor, The Sixteenth Century Journal Northeast Missouri State University McClain Hall 111L Kirksville, MO 63501 (816) 785-4525 FAX (816) 785-4181 Bitnet: AD15@NEMOMUS Internet: AD15%NEMOMUS@Academic.NEMOState.EDU ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:47:07 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Mary S Stephenson Subject: Mac Indexing Software ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- One of our faculty members needs to produce a 10 year index for a journal he publishes. This is pretty standard stuff: author, title, subject. The problem is that he wants to do it on a Macintosh, and all of our indexing software and my knowledge is based on IBM. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Mary Sue Stephenson School of Library, Archival and Information Studies The University of British Columbia Vancouver mss@unixg.ubc.ca 604-822-6392 ========================================================================= Date: Thu, 29 Apr 1993 16:47:29 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Cammie Donaldson Subject: ASI Conference Get-Together for New Folks ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Carol Roberts and I are interested in meeting and talking with other new indexers and indexers-to-be at the ASI meeting in Alexandria. Are there any other folks who would like to get together for a brief period--say lunch or dinner--and discuss the excitement, anxiety, and thrill involved in pursuing the career of indexing? I'm sure we'll all be interested in meeting and talking with the old-timers :-) <-(electronic smiley for those wondering). But it might be fun for us novice indexers to share our dreams and fears. If there is sufficient interest, I will set up a time & place to meet and rebroadcast to the list of interested parties. Let me know your time preference and email/phone contact. Thanks! Cammie Donaldson 2112 Helen St Melbourne FL 32901 407/951-1741 cmd@sps.com ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 30 Apr 1993 11:37:35 ECT Reply-To: miner@lis.fsu.edu Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: David Miner Subject: Re: Fax Machines ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- >A plain old modem will allow for data transcription across phone >lines between computers. However, in order to print these data >transcriptions, one must use some form of print facility, like a word >processor or DOS print, to print the data transcription. If one has a >fax modem, and one configures this tool correctly to comply with the >local computer to which this fax modem is attached, then one can >print directly off the transcription connection to the printer. Actually, the difference is the type of data that each one is sending (receiving). The modem (usually) handles ASCII data arranged in bits and bytes. The fax ONLY deals with graphic data in the form of a bitmap. The resolution of each is dependent only on the printer attached. Like the moden the fax requires an application to print the faxed material, but usually it is a background application, so it looks like the fax came in straight to the printer. The major difference to me is that, unless the application can turn the fax data into ASCII data, I can not do anything with it, except print it. David ---------------------------------------------------------------------- David Miner School of Library & Information Studies R106 Florida State University voice: (904) 644-8107 Tallahassee, FL 32306-2048 fax: (904) 644-9763 Internet: miner@lis.fsu.edu ========================================================================= Date: Fri, 30 Apr 1993 11:37:59 ECT Reply-To: Indexer's Discussion Group Sender: Indexer's Discussion Group From: Carolyn Weaver Subject: Re: Fax Machines In-Reply-To: <9304292046.AA28938@carson.u.washington.edu> ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- This is all well and good if one is starting out with the document in machine-readable form (e.g. sending a finished index, letter, contract, etc. created in a word processor). But doesn't a fax-modem require a scanner or re-keying if you are starting with a hard copy? (Please forgive and remember the "no dumb questions..." rule before somebody flames back!) I do have and occasionally use a fax modem for sending documents; but for heavy-duty use, I'll take a stand-alone fax machine any time. (1) It doesn't tie up my computer printer. (2) Doesn't interfere with e-mail or get interrupted by family members trying to use an extension phone at the same time. (3) Doesn't give my answering machine paranoia. (4) Most important: Allows easy transmission of originals (like edited page proofs) that aren't in machine-readable form. A truly efficient fax machine (or fax-modem) requires a dedicated phone line - which most beginning indexers aren't going to want to spring for immediately. I think the original question that started all this was whether a fax-modem was essential when starting out in indexing. The answer is "no". It's a nice frill, but NOT a necessity. I got mine because a fax-modem cost little more than the modem card by itself. But if and when I do more indexing-related faxing than can conveniently be done the way I'm currently handling it (reimbursing my day job employer for occasional faxes sent/received at work) and occasionally sending machine-readable stuff out by fax modem, especially to people not accessible by e-mail, I'll go with a stand-alone fax machine with a dedicated phone line. I put the standalone fax vs fax-modem question in the same category as microwave vs conventional oven: the sleek electronic version doesn't make the other one obsolete. Carolyn Weaver Weaver Indexing Service Seattle, Wa. 98005 e-mail: cweaver@u.washington.edu phone: 206/930-4348 > ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- > ... Fax modems are cheap, they come with their own software, and they have completely obviated the need > for a fax machine.